La National Aeronautics and Space Administration (« Administration Nationale de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace »), plus connue sous son abréviation NASA, est l'agence gouvernementale qui a en charge la majeure partie du programme spatial civil des États-Unis. La recherche aéronautique relève également du domaine de la NASA. Depuis sa création à la fin des années 1950, la NASA joue mondialement un rôle prédominant dans le domaine du vol spatial habité, de l'exploration du Système solaire et de la recherche spatiale. Parmi les réalisations les plus marquantes de l'agence figurent les programmes spatiaux habités Apollo, la navette spatiale américaine, la station spatiale internationale (en coopération avec plusieurs pays), les télescopes spatiaux comme Hubble, l'exploration de Mars par les sondes spatiales Viking et MER, ainsi que celle de Jupiter et Saturne par les sondes Pioneer, Voyager, Galileo et Cassini-Huygens.
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the United States launch site that has been used for every NASA human space flight since 1968. Although such flights are currently on hiatus, KSC continues to manage and operate unmanned rocket launch facilities for the U.S. government's civilian space program from three pads at the adjoining Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Its Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) is the fourth-largest structure in the world by volume and was the largest when completed in 1965.
Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Miami and Jacksonville on Florida's Space Coast. It is 34 miles (55 km) long and roughly 6 miles (10 km) wide, covering 219 square miles (570 km2). A total of 13,100 people worked at the center as of 2011. Approximately 2,100 are employees of the federal government; the rest are contractors.
Since December 1968, all launch operations have been conducted from Pads A and B at Launch Complex 39 (LC-39). Both pads are on the ocean, 3 miles (5 km) east of the VAB. From 1969–1972, LC-39 was the departure point for all six Apollo manned Moon landing missions using the Saturn V, the largest and most powerful operational launch vehicle in history, and was used from 1981–2011 for all Space Shuttle launches. The Shuttle Landing Facility, located just to the north, was used for most Shuttle landings and is among the longest runways in the world.